Civil Surveys

Civil surveys are essential components of any construction project. Without one, roads, buildings, railways, tunneling projects and other forms of engineering cannot be built correctly or fully.

Civil engineers use data collected through surveys to draft proposals for the creation of infrastructure that protects both the environment and structures safely.

Land Surveys

Land surveying offers detailed plans and accurate distance measurements to help you gain a fuller picture of your plot of land. Whether you are purchasing property or need to build, land surveys provide an exact idea of your legal boundaries – helping prevent property line disputes later down the line and ensure your construction doesn’t encroach onto neighboring properties.

Control surveying, which involves setting reference points as starting positions for subsequent surveys, requires knowledge in geometry, trigonometry, regression analysis programming languages physics and civil law.

Land surveys require specialized equipment that may cost several hundred dollars or more, depending on the size and complexity of your site. But investing in such surveys is worth it to avoid costly and time-consuming mistakes later.

Boundary Surveys

A boundary survey involves the identification and surveying of natural and manmade features on a property to establish its boundaries. It comprises numerous steps, such as registry research, field reconnaissance and writing an exhaustive report for clients.

Property owners would do well to have a boundary survey conducted before purchasing or developing land, as this ensures compliance with state laws and regulations regarding parcel boundaries. A boundary survey also helps prevent future issues related to building over neighboring property lines which could result in legal disputes; additionally, easements or rights-of-way grants that aren’t visible can be discovered and clients have the option of having their survey show any improvement locations such as homes, sheds, pools or fences on their land.

Topographic Surveys

Before beginning construction on any site, topographic surveys provide invaluable data that helps engineers working on the project. A topographic survey can help engineers as they determine how much dirt needs to be brought in from outside sources for filling an area as well as identify natural and man-made features on the land.

Topographic surveys offer a detailed charting of land’s terrain, ground markings and landscape features such as fences, trees, lakes, buildings streets roads bridges. In large area surveys the horizontal control is typically established through triangulation systems or traverses (sometimes using tape-compass and plane table); for smaller areas primary horizontal and vertical controls may be determined with stadia traverse.

Hydrographic Surveys

Surveyors utilize advanced equipment to collect underwater data and produce maps. This data is then analyzed for various purposes such as engineering projects, navigational charts, Digital Terrain Models (DTMs), volume charts and isobath plots, among others.

Coastal surveys allow civil engineers to investigate coastlines, document flora and fauna, aid land reclamation projects, as well as provide data that helps ensure maritime safety – helping navigators navigate ship lanes more safely.

Passage surveys are carried out to ascertain the condition of inland waterways for ship passage purposes, with an aim of creating passageways for ships to pass through. This involves analyzing mean draft, studying restrictions on ship sizes and considering feasibility of straits like Panama Canal. As hydrographic surveys produce one of the densest datasets available today, efficient acquisition-to-processing ratios are key for successful surveys.

Astronomical Surveys

Astronomical surveys gather astronomical information across large portions of the sky. Also referred to as “observing programs”, these surveys collect large-scale astronomical data sets for further study.

Survey images provide astronomers with more than just an image catalogue; they also give them information to select specific targets for more in-depth observations, which reduces time spent stargazing through telescopes.

U-M is investing in the future of astronomical surveying by providing preferred access to major surveys such as Dark Energy Survey and Large Synoptic Survey Telescope as well as Pan-STARRS project, providing valuable troves of data that will further our knowledge about galactic structure, exoplanet detection, black hole behavior and dark energy science.

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